Certificate as Molecular Biologists (MB(ASCP)) Practice Exam
Education
Create 250 multiple choice questions and answers with Explanations on Certificate as Molecular Biologists (MB(ASCP)) Practice Exam [Creation should be fast and non-stop of all 250 mcq, Creation should be without bullet points and Question would be bold line along with there should be good space in between of each question Creation Should not have any duplicate MCQ ] I. Molecular Science Nucleic Acid Chemistry Structure and function of nucleic acids Chemical composition and properties Mutations and their effects Basic Molecular Theory DNA replication mechanisms Transcription and translation processes Role of exons, introns, and splicing in gene expression Chromosome structure and function Extrachromosomal elements (e.g., plasmids, mitochondria) Protein structure and function Biochemical Reagents Polymerase enzymes (DNA and RNA) Endo- and exonuclease enzymes Reverse transcriptase DNA ligase Assay development and design principles Genetics Human genetics fundamentals Microbial genetics II. Molecular Techniques Nucleic Acid Isolation Automated and manual methods Manipulation of RNA/DNA Nucleic acid labeling techniques Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis Bisulfite conversion for methylation analysis Separation and Detection Electrophoresis techniques (gel and capillary) Probe stringency and hybridization methods Nucleic acid purification techniques Probe structures (e.g., TaqMan, FRET, beacon, Scorpions) Nucleic Acid Amplification Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) principles and variations Oligonucleotide design and preparation Reaction optimization techniques Sequencing Sanger sequencing methods Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies Bioinformatics for sequence analysis Other Molecular Techniques Microarray analysis In situ hybridization Mass spectrometry applications III. Laboratory Operations Contamination Control Prevention and detection of contamination Handling of amplified and non-amplified nucleic acids Specimen Processing and Storage Processing, preparation, and storage protocols Reagent selection, preparation, storage, and disposal Assay Performance and Validation Assay performance evaluation Validation and troubleshooting methods Results Interpretation and Reporting Calculation and interpretation of results Reporting standards and documentation Quality Control and Proficiency Testing Quality control measures Proficiency testing procedures Equipment and Instrumentation Maintenance and calibration Troubleshooting techniques Regulatory Compliance Guidelines and regulations (e.g., CLIA, CAP) Safety protocols and laboratory administration IV. Applications of Molecular Testing Infectious Disease Detection and characterization of pathogens Viral load quantification Resistance testing Oncology Genetic markers in cancer Hereditary cancer syndromes Clonal rearrangements in hematologic malignancies Genetic Disorders Single-gene disorders Trinucleotide repeat disorders Hemoglobinopathies Coagulopathies Genetic Identity and Forensics DNA fingerprinting Paternity testing Forensic analysis Pharmacogenomics Genetic factors influencing drug response Personalized medicine approaches